MODULE 1 - ANATOMY & PHYSICAL INJURIES
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Introduction to Medical Jurisprudence
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Anatomy for Lawyers
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Physical Injuries
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Medico-Legal Reports & Drawings
Class 01/Aug 15 - Introduction to Medical Jurisprudence/Legal Medicine
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OBJECTIVES: By the end of the module, the students should be able to
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Verbalize the expectations for the course
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Know their legal team for purposes of practical exercises and some quizzes.
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​Be familiar with medico-legal reports and drawings.
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METHODOLOGY:
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No quiz, overview of Medical Jurisprudence
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Interactive Lectures on:
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Introduction to Medical Jurisprudence
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Anatomy for lawyers
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Use of Medico-Legal Reports & Drawings of physical injuries in medico-legal cases
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Reading materials:
1. Anatomy for Lawyers
2. Physical Injuries
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Practical Exercise (for Class 03 presentation)
Each Team will be assigned the following cases: (All students are expected to read these cases)
Team 1: People v. Dumlao, G.R. No. L-62032 (1983)
Team 2: People v. Flores, G.R. Nos. 143435-36 (2003)
Team 3: People v. Panerio, G.R. No. 205440 (2018)
​ Aquino v. Delizo, G.R. No. L-15853, July 27, 1960
Each Team prepares the following:
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A Medico-Legal Report and a ML Drawing based on the facts of the above cases.
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Submit a physical copy of the Medico-Legal Report and Drawing after the class.
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Submit a digital copy of the actual presentation on (Thursday before Class 03).
​Class 02/Aug 22 (Online) Anatomy/Physical Injuries
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OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module, the students should be able to​ identify anatomical parts and physical injuries; apply this knowledge to an actual case and explain its medico-legal importance in determining the appropriate legal classification of the injuries based on the Revised Penal Code.​
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METHODOLOGY
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Online Quiz: Anatomy and Physical Injuries
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Pre-recorded lectures: under Reference Materials
Reading materials:
1. Anatomy for Lawyers
2. Physical Injuries​
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Class 03/Aug 29 - Anatomy/Physical Injuries
OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module, students should be able to apply their understanding of anatomy and physical injuries and recognize their significance in a medico-legal context.​
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METHODOLOGY:​
1. Slide presentations of each team based on the assigned physical injuries cases.
2. Injury Trial: Law & Limb Edition (​​A Team Playoff Game for Medjur Students)
Topic: Anatomy for Lawyers & Physical Injuries
Top Team: 10 points for recitation
2nd: 18 points
3rd: 16 points
In-class Practical Exercise on fingerprint lifting and identification during Class 04.
For each team bring:
1. 3" x 5" white index cards (for each team member) bring extra cards
2. Graphite pencils (2B or 4B)
3. Cocoa powder (or any dark-colored powder) not granules
4. Scotch transparent tape
5. Soft brush (art brush or make-up brush)
6. Any smooth surface like glass, mirror
7. Magnifying glass
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MODULE 2 - IDENTITY
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Biometrics
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Blood groups
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DNA
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Class 04/Sep 5 - Biometrics
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OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module, students should be able to explain the medico-legal significance of commonly used biometric information.
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METHODOLOGY:​
1. Quiz on Biometrics
2. Interactive Lecture on: Medico-legal aspects of proving Identity using Biometric Information
​Reading Material:
Biometrics​​
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Class 05/Sep 12 - Biometrics
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OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module the students should be able to​
know the process of lifting and classifying fingerprints. Appreciate the medico-legal aspect of using fingerprints in identification in People v. Medina.
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METHODOLOGY:
1. Recitation: (Biometrics)
People v. Medina, G.R. No. 38434, December 23, 1933
2. Practical Exercise on fingerprint lifting and identification. (30 minutes)
a. Each team member lift two of their own fingerprints:
(1) Middle finger - use graphite pencil - slightly rub your middle finger with the graphite pencil and press it against the white index card.
(2) Thumb (unwashed) - press your thumb against a glass or smooth surfacethen dust is lightly with the cocoa powder until you can see the pattern of the fingerprint; using the transparent tape, press it against the fingerprint to lift it out; put the tape with finger print on the other side of your index card.
b. Classify the fingerprints (e.g., arch, tented arch, whorl, central pocket loop, double loop, ulnar/raidal loop, accidental/mixed)3.
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Class 05/Sep 19 - DNA
OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module the students should be able to​
explain the Medico-legal use of DNA Profiling in determining identity.
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Biometrics - ​Kabataan Party-List, et al. v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 221318. December 16, 2015
3. Interactive lectures on:
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DNA
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DNA Profiling & Interpretation
Practical exercise: (For presentation on Class 06/Sept 26)
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Each Team will be assigned DNA Profile Results to determine identity.
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The Teams will present their findings through a slide presentation. (Follow the Guidelines)
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Analyze the case in relation to the DNA profiles
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Determine the alleles common with the Scene of the Crime sample and reference samples (Accused X & Y).
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Compute for the genotype frequencies for each allele.
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Compute for the Random Match Probability (RMP).
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Compute for the Likelihood Ratio (LR).
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Interpret the results.
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Reading material:
DNA
MODULE 3 - REPRODUCTION, PREGNANCY & PARENTAGE
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Reproduction
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Pregnancy & Abortion
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Impotency and Assisted Reproductive Technology
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Parentage​​
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Class 07/Sept 26 - Reproduction & Pregnancy
OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module the students should be able to determine the medico-legal aspects of reproduction, pregnancy and abortion.
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METHODOLOGY:
1. Quiz: DNA & Reproduction & Pregnancy (6 mins)
2. Interactive lecture on:
Medico-Legal use of Blood types
Medico-Legal Dimensions of Reproduction & Pregnancy
3. Recitation:
DNA - People v. Vallejo, G.R. No. 144656, May 9, 2002
Rights of the Unborn
People v. Paycana, Jr., G.R. No. 179035, 16 Apr 2008
People v. Lopez, G.R. No. 136861, November 15, 2000
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Sterility & Impotence
San Jose v. Menciano, G.R. No. L-1967, May 28, 1951
Jimenez v. Cañizares, G.R. No. L-12790, 31 Aug 1960
Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, G.R. No. 119190, 16 Jan 1997
People v. De Villa, G.R. No. 124639, February 01, 2001
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Pregnancy & Legitimacy​
Macadangdang v. CA, G.R. No. L-49542. September 12, 1980
People v. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433, Mar. 30, 2000 (Rape case - move to Class 11)
People v. XXX, G.R. No. 242684, February 17, 2021
Yap v. Yap, G.R. No. 222259, October 17, 2022
​Reproductive Rights
Imbong v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, 8 Apr 2014
Alliance for the Family Foundation, Philippines, Inc. v. Garin, G.R. No. 217872 (Aug. 24, 2016; Apr. 26, 2017)
Reading material:
Reproduction & Pregnancy
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OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module the students should be able to​
explain the medico-legal significance of using blood grouping and DNA and its use in determining parentage.
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METHODOLOGY:
1. Quiz: Parentage and Quizzes under Class 07
2. Practical Exercise presentation on Use of DNA Profile to Determine Identity
​3. Interactive lectures on:
The Medico-Legal Basis of using the ABO Blood Group System and DNA Profile to determine parentage.
4. Recitation: including the cases under Class 07
Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Agustin v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 162571. June 15, 2005
Estate of Ong v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713. December 17, 2007
People of the Philippines v. XXX, G.R. No. 242684, 17 February 2021
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Practical exercise (for presentation in Class 10) :
Each team will be given ABO and DNA profile of a child, mother, and putative father
1. Analyze the case in relation to the ABO and DNA profiles
2. Determine the alleles common between the child and mother.
3. Determine the obligate paternal allele.
4. Compute for the genotype frequency.
5. Compute for the Paternity Index (PI).
6. Compute for the Combined Paternity Index (CPI).
7. Compute for the Probability of Paternity (PoP).
8. Inclusion/Exclusion using the ABO Blood Group System.
9. Interpret the results.
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Reading material:
Parentage​​​
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Class 09/Oct 10 - MIDTERMS
MODULE 4 - VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN & CHILDREN
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Child Abuse, Infanticide
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Rape & other forms of violence against women
Class 10/Oct 17 - Child Abuse, Infanticide
OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module the students should be able to​
explain the medico-legal aspect of intentional and non-intentional injuries to infants and children.
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METHODOLOGY:
1. Quiz: Child Abuse
2. Interactive lecture: Child Abuse
4. Recitation: (assign these cases; all previous unrecited cases included)
People v. Morales, G.R. No. L-44096 April 20, 1983
Fernandez v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 217542. November 21, 2018
People v. Adalia, G.R. No. 235990, January 22, 2020​
De Vera v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 246231, October 09, 2023
XXX v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 268457, July 22, 2024
XXX271940 v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 271940, January 22, 2025
Reading:
Children
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Class 11/Oct 24 - Rape & Violence Against Women
OBJECTIVE: By the end of the module the students should be able to​ prove or defend cases of rape and other forms of violence against women.
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METHODOLOGY:
1. Quiz: Rape & other forms of Violence Against Women (3 mins)
​2. Interactive lecture on:
a. Medico-Legal Aspect of Rape (15 mins)
b. Use of DNA in Rape & Sexual Assault Cases (15 minutes)
3. Recitation: Includes previous cases.
People v. Marivic Genosa, G.R. No. 135981, January 15, 2004
People v. Amarela, G.R. No. 225642-43, January 17, 2018
People v. Rupal, G.R. No. 222497, June 27, 2018
Bangayan v. People, G.R. No. 235610, September 16, 2020
XXX v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 250219. March 01, 2023
People v. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433 (Mar. 30, 2000)
Laws:
RA 8353 - The Anti-Rape Law of 1997
RA 8505 - Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
RA 9262 - Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
Reading:
Women
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MODULE 5: REALM OF REASON
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Insanity & Psychological Incapacity
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Sexuality & Addiction ​
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Class 12/Oct 31 - Insanity & Psychological Incapacity
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OBJECTIVES: By the end of the module, the student should be able to explain the medico-legal basis of insanity as a defense and psychological incapacity in relation to actual cases.
METHODOLOGY:
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Quiz: Insanity & Psychological Incapacity
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Practical Exercise presentation on:
a. Use of DNA Profile to Determine Identity (5 minutes)
b. Use of DNA Profile to Determine Parentage (5 minutes)
3. Interactive lecture o:
Medico-Legal Aspects of Insanity & Psychological Incapacity
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Recitation
INSANITY
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People v. Taneo, G.R. No. L-37673, March 31, 1933
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People v. Bonoan, G.R. No. L-45130, February 17, 1937
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People v. Formigones, G.R. No. L-3646, November 29, 1950
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People v. Dungo, G.R. No. 164497, April 30, 2008
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People v. Madarang, G.R. No. 132319, May 12, 2000
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People v. Paña, G.R. No. 21444, November 17, 2020
PSYCHOLOGICAL INCAPACITY
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Tan-Andal v. Andal, G.R. No. 196359, May 11, 2021
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Yokogawa-Tan v. Tan, G.R. No. 254646, October 23, 2023
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​Boado v. Galvez-Boado, G.R. No. 263627, November 04, 2024
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Green v. Green, et al., G.R. No. 255706, February 17, 2025
Reading materials:
Insanity & Psychological incapacity
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​Laws:
INSANITY - Art. 800, Civil Code; Art. 12, par. 1, RPC
PSYCHOLOGICAL INCAPACITY - Article 36 of the Family Code, as amended by RA 8533 (1998)
Medical Diagnostic classification of mental illnesses (overview)
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (currently, DSM-V TR) by the American Psychiatric Association
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International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization (focus only on mental illnesses)
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Class 13/Nov 07 - Sexuality & Addiction
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the module, the student should be able to explain the medical basis of sexuality and the medico-legal basis of addiction.
METHODOLOGY:
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Quiz: sexuality and addiction
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Interactive lectures on:
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The Medical Basis of Sexuality
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The Medico-Legal Basis of Drug Dependence and Addiction.
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Recitation
SEXUALITY
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Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, 22 Oct 2007
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Republic v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, September 12, 2008
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Falcis v. Civil Registrar General, G.R. No. 217910, September 03, 2019
ADDICTION​
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Laws:
2019 Proposed Amendments to the Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC)
MODULE 6: MEDICAL RESEARCH & MALPRACTICE
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Medical research
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Medical malpractice
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Class 14/Nov 14 - Medical Ethics
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the class, the students should be able to know the medico-legal aspects of research involving human subjects.
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METHODOLOGY:
1. Quiz - Medical Research Involving Human Subjects
2. Interactive lecture on: The Medico-Legal Aspect of Injuries and Deaths in Research Involving Human Subjects
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3. Practical exercise: Team playoff
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Laws:
R.A. 10532 - An Act Institutionalizing the Philippine National Health Research System
​R.A. 9711, as amended - Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009
R.A. 10173 - The Data Privacy Act of 2012
Guidelines:
2022 National Ethical Guidelines for Research Involving Human Subjects
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Class 15/Nov 21 - Medical Malpractice
OBJECTIVES: By the end of the class, the students should be able to know the medico-legal aspects of injuries and death in relation to medical malpractice.
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METHODOLOGY:
1. Quiz - Medical malpractice
2. Interactive lecture on: The Medico-Legal Aspect of Medical Injuries
3. Recitation:
Elements of malpractice, prescription - De Jesus v. Uyloan,G.R. No. 234851. February 15, 2022
Standard of Care - Borromeo v. Family Care, G.R. No. 191018, 25 Jan. 2016
Erroneous diagnosis - Casumpang v Cortejo, G.R. No. 171127, 11 Mar 2015
Reckless imprudence resulting in homicide - Cabugao v. People, G.R. No. 163879. July 30, 2014
Breach - Reyes v. Sisters of Mercy Hospital, GR No. 13047, Oct. 3, 2000
Injury - Jarcia v. People, G.R. No. 187926, February 12, 2012
Proximate cause - Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital v. Sps. Capanzana, G.R. No.189218, March 22, 2017
Direct evidence and expert testimony - Nuñez et al. v. Daz (2024) G.R. No. 246489, January 29, 2024
DOCTRINES
A. Res ipsa loquitur - Reyno v. Baltazar, G.R. No. 227775. October 10, 2022
B. Informed consent doctrine - Que v. Philippine Heart Center, et al., G.R. No. 268308, April 02, 2025
C. Captain-of-the-ship - Bontilao v. Gerona, G.R. No. G.R. No. 176675, September 15, 2010
D. Borrowed servant doctrine - Nogales v. Capitol Medical Center, G.R. No. 142625, December 19, 2006
E. Ostensible agent - Professional Services, Inc. v. Agana, GR No. 126927, Jan. 31, 2007
HOSPITAL FACILITIES - Manila Doctors Hospital v. So Un Chua, G.R. No. 150355, July 31, 2006
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Laws:
Article 2176, Civil Code​
Article 365, Revised Penal Code as amended by RA 1790 (1957) and RA 10951 (2017)
RA 2382 (The Medical Act of 1959) ​
RA8981 (PRC Modernization Act of 2000)
MODULE 7: DEATH
​Class 16/Nov. 28
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Suicide
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Euthanasia
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End-of-life directives
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Legal Death
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Stages of Death
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OBJECTIVE: By the end of the class, the students should be able to discuss the medico-legal aspects of death.
METHODOLOGY:
1. Quiz - Death
2. Interactive lecture on: The Medico-Legal Aspect of Death
3. Team playoff
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Reading: Death and Dying
Law:
RECITATIONS (10%)
Understanding of Legal Principles (10 points)
10-9 points: Demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the legal principles and doctrines involved in the case. Clearly explains the legal issues and how they were resolved by the court.
8-7 points: Shows a good understanding of the legal principles but may miss some nuances or minor details.
6-5 points: Displays a basic understanding but lacks depth or misses key elements of the legal principles.
4-3 points: Shows minimal understanding with significant gaps in the explanation of legal principles.
2-1 points: Poor understanding with major errors or misunderstandings of the legal principles.
0 points: No understanding demonstrated; unable to articulate any relevant legal principles.
Case Facts and Background (5 points)
5 points: Accurately and clearly presents all relevant facts and background information of the case.
4 points: Presents the main facts accurately but may omit minor details.
3 points: Includes some relevant facts but omits or misrepresents key information.
2 points: Significant inaccuracies or omissions in presenting the facts.
1 point: Very little relevant information presented; major factual inaccuracies.
0 points: No facts presented; unable to describe the background of the case.
Case Holding and Rationale (5 points)
5 points: Clearly and accurately explain the court’s holding and the rationale behind the decision.
4 points: Accurately explains the holding but may miss some nuances in the court’s reasoning.
3 points: Basic explanation of the holding with some inaccuracies or omissions in the rationale.
2 points: Incomplete or partially inaccurate explanation of the holding and rationale.
1 point: Major errors in explaining the holding and rationale.
0 points: Unable to explain the court’s holding or rationale.
Analysis and Critical Thinking (3 points)
3 points: Provides insightful analysis, linking the case to broader legal concepts or implications.
2 points: Offers some analysis but lacks depth or fails to fully explore the implications.
1 point: Minimal analysis, largely descriptive without critical engagement.
0 points: No analysis or critical thinking demonstrated.
Presentation Skills (2 points)
2 points: Presents clearly, confidently, and in a well-organized manner, with excellent communication skills.
1 point: The presentation is generally clear but may have minor issues with organization or communication.
0 points: Presentation is unclear, disorganized, or difficult to follow.
Total Score: 25 points
SUMMARY
25-23 points: Excellent understanding and presentation; well-prepared and thorough.
22-19 points: Very good understanding; prepared but with some minor areas for improvement.
18-15 points: Good understanding; basic preparation with noticeable gaps.
14-10 points: Fair understanding; lacks depth and thoroughness, with significant gaps.
9-5 points: Poor understanding and preparation; major gaps in knowledge.
4-0 points: Very poor or no understanding; unprepared.
QUIZZES (20%)
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Grading is based on the average of the quizzes
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10-point quiz every meeting (3 minutes duration) at the start of each class. It will be given through Google forms which you may answer using your smart phones or laptops.
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No make-up quizzes are given however, for absences or tardiness the student will have to submit a letter-request for make-up with a proposed 3 topics (for approval by the professor) on the missed lesson or module for submission within 10 days from the date of the missed quiz. Those with scores below 8 may opt to do the same.
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PRACTICAL EXERCISES (20%)
Accuracy (0-5 points)
5 points: All elements are correct, demonstrating precise execution of the task with no errors.
4 points: Mostly accurate with minor errors that do not affect the overall outcome significantly.
3 points: Some inaccuracies that slightly affect the result but demonstrate basic understanding.
2 points: Noticeable errors that impact the outcome, showing a lack of understanding.
1 point: Many significant errors, showing a limited grasp of the task requirements.
0 points: Task is incorrect with no attempt to follow the instructions accurately.
Clarity & Creativity (0-5 points)
5 points: Exceptionally clear and creative approach, showing original thinking and well-organized presentation.
4 points: Clear presentation with creative elements; mostly well-organized and engaging.
3 points: Adequate clarity and some creativity; presentation is straightforward with minor organizational issues.
2 points: Lacks clarity or creativity; presentation is confusing or poorly structured.
1 point: Minimal clarity and no creativity; presentation is disorganized and difficult to follow.
0 points: No clarity or creativity; presentation is incoherent or not attempted.
Analysis (0-5 points)
5 points: Deep analysis with insightful observations and a strong understanding of the task’s purpose.
4 points: Good analysis with clear observations; some depth shown in understanding the task.
3 points: Basic analysis that addresses key points but lacks depth or critical insight.
2 points: Limited analysis with superficial observations; shows little understanding of the task.
1 point: Inadequate analysis; minimal effort to engage with the task analytically.
0 points: No analysis provided; no engagement with the task’s deeper aspects.
Completeness (0-5 points)
5 points: All components of the task are fully completed with no missing elements.
4 points: Most components are completed with minor omissions that do not affect the overall task.
3 points: Several key components are missing but the main task is somewhat completed.
2 points: Many components are incomplete, significantly affecting the overall task.
1 point: Very little of the task is completed; major components are missing.
0 points: Task is not completed or submitted.
END-OF-SEMESTER SYNTHESIS (10%)
The end-of-semester project in medical jurisprudence allows students to synthesize and apply the knowledge they have gained throughout the course. This project encourages creativity, critical thinking, and a deeper understanding of the legal issues that intersect with medical practice. The project can take various formats and should be based on a synthesis of key topics covered in the course.
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Each Team will present a project, and the team members will be graded uniformly as a team.
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Accuracy (5 points)
The project demonstrates a high level of accuracy in interpreting medical jurisprudence concepts. Information should be factually correct, well-researched, and align with the legal framework discussed in class. Maximum points are awarded when the project reflects a precise understanding of key topics.
Involvement and Effort by Team Members (5 points)
All team members must contribute meaningfully to the project. Points are given based on equal participation in research, content creation, and presentation. Teams should demonstrate strong collaboration, and each member’s effort should be evident in the final output. The names and roles or nature of participation of the members shall be submitted to the professor at the time of presentation.
Presentation (5 points)
The presentation should be clear, organized, and professional. The ability to effectively communicate ideas, both orally and visually, is essential. High scores will be given for projects delivered confidently and engaging the audience throughout. Usually video-dramas score high. Game-shows score low as these are easy to produce.
Creativity (5 points)
Originality and creativity are key in presenting the concepts of medical jurisprudence. Projects should show innovative thinking, using unique examples, visuals, or approaches that go beyond basic interpretations. Engaging and imaginative presentations will earn full marks.
Total: 20 points
GUIDELINES FOR SLIDE PRESENTATIONS
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The slide presentation guidelines shall be strictly followed:
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No more than 5 minutes
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No more than 7 slides including the title slide.
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No more than 5 bullet points per slide.
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No more than 25 words per slide.
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Images should be carefully selected and not cluttered and dumped into a single slide.
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The Title slide should include:​
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The case title
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The team name and members
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Use powerpoint or keynote
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Font: Calibri​
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Title (36–44 pt) Stands out clearly; easy to read at a glance
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Subtitle (28–32 pt) Large enough to support title without overpowering it
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Body (24–28 pt) Ensures readability for all attendees in a medium-sized room.
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OTHER CONCERNS
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No laptops/gadgets during class. Only index cards for NOTES are allowed during classes.
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Total of 16 hours/class meeting. Maximum of 2 absences for a 1-unit class per University policy prior to delisting. Students must be at the designated room at least 5 minutes before each class.​
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Prepare a Viber group with the following V-Group names for each section for ease of communication: “Law 118 2025 Eve 1 (or 2)".
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All classes are to be conducted face-to-face. In case of holidays or other events that prevent the conduct of classes, the class is responsible for designating the proposed day and hour of the make-up class. (No Saturday or Sunday make-up classes.)
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All modules will need a projector; make sure that the projector and microphone are ready before the class starts including a MacAir adapter (available in the OCS).
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Prepare a seating arrangement in a short folder with clear updated photos based on the designated groupings.
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Check this syllabus every week for updates.
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Consultation hours: Every 3-4 PM (Eve-1) and 4-5 PM (Eve-2) Fridays. Venue shall be at the Faculty Lounge, second floor.


